Sound picture magazine projector of the continuously moving film type



Sept. 21, 1948. R. JONES souND momma MAGAZINE PROJECTOR OF THE CONTINUOUSLY MOVING FILM TYPE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed NOV. 14, 1944 /77 18cm QQD tBA/ES,

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY Sept. 21, 1948. JONES 2,449,705

' SOUND PICTURE MAGAZINE PROJECTOR OF THE CONTINUOUSLY MOVING FILM TYPE Filed Nov. 14, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Sept. 21, 1948. JONES 2,449,705

SOUND PICTURE MAGAZINE PROJECTOR OF THE CONTINUOUSLY MOVING FILM TYPE Filed Nov. 14, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 JQ/CHAQD c/zvzs,

INVENTOR.

ATTORN EY.

Patented Sept. 21 1948 SOUND PICTURE MAGAZINE PROJECTOR OF THE CONTINUOUSLY MOVING FILM TYPE- Richard Jones, Burbank, CaliL, assignor to Walt Disney Productions, Burbank, Calif., is corporation of Calliornia Application November 14, 1944, Serial No. 563,381

16 Claims. 1

My invention relates to moving picture equipment and has particular reference to a projecting machine adapted to project both pictures and sound.

Among the objects of my invention is to provide a new and improved composite unitary motion picture projector adapted to. cooperatively receive a film magazine which can be attached as a unit to a stationary portion of the projector without it being necessary to thread film or make any mechanical adjustments other than the act of clamping the magazine in place.

Another object of my invention is to provide a magazine containing reels for film for a motion picture projector '50 arranged that the magazine includes not only a pressure plate but also a drive sprocket for the film so arranged that the device can be threaded with film before it is attached to a projector, the magazinebeing so set up that the reel containing film to be projected is at one end and the empty reel is at the other end but wherein the film is actually connected to the empty reel so that as soon as operation is started the film will wind upon the empty reel within the magazine.-

Still another object of my invention is to provide a magazine loading device for motion picture projectors arranged so that a number of magazines can be loaded with reels of film designed to be projected in succession. it being only necessary to attach the magazines 'one at a time to a stationary part of the projector and remove the entire magazine when the film has been run completely from the reelv so that it can be replaced with another, it being also contemplated that the stationary housing be provided with a rewinding mechanism so that after the first magazine has been run it can be clamped to another part of the stationary projector and rewound preparatory to a new showing while the projector is being run to show the film in a second magazine.

Another object still is to provide a magazine for the film reels designed to be operated by a source of power in a stationary part oi the projector with connections on the magazine such that they need only be pressed into surface contact with corresponding connections in the housing in order that the source of power within the housing can be used to operate all of the. mechanical moving parts in the magazine.

A further object of my invention is to provide for a motion picture projector a stationary housing containing sources oblight for projection of pictures and reproduction 01 sound and adapted to .be used with a magazine containing film, arranged so that the film is continuously maintained within the magazine at all times, the object being also to prepare a machine such that the light which is directed outwardly from the housing and into the magazine is only the usewithin the stationary part of the housing so that the contents or the magazine will not be heated up unnecessarily.

A further object still is to provide a magazine for motion picture projectors in which the film is unwound and run at a constant speed designed to be used in company with a prism for properly showing successive frames of pictures on a screen, the clutch for connecting the means for driving the film and the power means in the stationary housing being so arranged that whenever the clutch is engaged a picture frame will always be in proper register with a face of the .prism whereby no adjustment is necessary in order to have the picture frame in proper register with the mechanism for separating frames of pictures one from the other as they are projected in succession on the screen.

Another object of my invention is to provide a unitary magazine fed motion picture projector wherein a stationary portion of the device contains the operating elements in the nature 'of light sources, power source and projecting system for both pictures and sound all of which when once adjusted retain their adjustment so that only the magazine containing successive reels of pictures to be shown need be changed by means of the simple operation of removing one magazine and replacing it with another thereby making unnecessary any further adjustment for any of the working parts of the device.

With these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the. construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of my device whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the device set up and ready for the projection of a picture.

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of the device shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the deviceshown Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view or the upper portion or the device taken through the magazine and the projection lens system and drawn to larger scale.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view partly in section of the upper portion of the device showin the chain and gear drive in dotted position.

Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view through the lens-projecting system taken on the line 8-6 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the drive sprocket mechanism and reel tensioning means taken on the line l-'l of Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view of the side of the magazine as seen on line 8-8 of Fig. 7 showing one face of a clutch for the drive sprocket; and

Fig. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view taken through the sound projection portion on the line 9-9 of Fig. 4.

The invention is particularly directed to a simple, effective and fool-proof projector which can be used by the layman or child for entertainment, educational or sales purposes.

Prior projectors, even the simplest forms accommodating 8 and 16 mm. film, require careful threading of the film through the driving mechanism. When both sound and picture are projected, the film normally moves intermittently through the picture projection gate and continuously through the sound reproducing head. The film is fed from one separate reel or magazine into another reel or magazine. Often the film is inserted in an inverted position. Film handled by inexperienced operators is often scratched and torn.

The present invention obviates handling of the film, since the film is always retained within a light-weight, virtually dust-proof magazine. The projector is simply and inexpensively constructed and is therefore well adapted for use in schools and offices as well as in homes and theaters. The film is preferably driven continuously, both during picture projection and sound reproduction. The life of the film is prolonged and the magazines containing the film may be shipped wherever a projector adapted to receive them is avail able.

As motion pictures come more and more into common use and are shown widely before groups in schools, clubs, institutions and the like a great variety of people will be called upon to operate them. Motion picture projectors as they have been constructed in the past have needed a certain amount of adjustment every time a picture is projected. It has meant the threading of a film through various spools and sprockets adjusted so that a film is in proper register and so that it winds properly as it is run from one reel to another. It has also been necessary to rewind a reel after each showing. When pictures are to be projected before small groups where there might not be present a person familiar with the usual projection equipment it becomes necessary either to engage someone familiar with equipment or to give special directions at the time to a person unfamiliar with that equipment.

If motion picture film is to be widely distributed among groups of people who do not have the mechanical ability to operate projection ma chines, it becomes necessary to simplify the placing of a reel of film in the machine so that it can be performed by persons entirely unfamiliar with the mechanical details of the mechanism,

This invention contemplates the use of a magazine for the reel of film so arranged that it needs only to be applied against the outside of a stationary housing and there held in place. The type 4 of device needed is one so constructed that the magazine can be placed in only one position wherein all of the operating parts will be automatically connected to it without it being necessary for the operator to do anything more than to press the magazine into its place in the only position where it fits and to there secure it by use of a simple spring-pressed clamp. In view of the necessity for keeping the structure of the mesazlne as simple as possible it has been found advisable to incorporate into it certain of the parts which would be normally a part of the projector a lamp chamber l3 and out through a stack Ii for carrying oil! the intense heat generated by the lamp when in operation. On the stationary housing there is provided a projection device I8 for throwing motion pictures on a screen and a sound pickup an enclosed in a casing adapted to synchronize the sound track with the picture and reproduce it within the cabinet I 2.

Separate magazines 22 are provided and are equipped with the necessary reels of film and guides for the film so that one magazine may be clamped to the stationary housing in position behind the projecting mechanism l8 and the other can be applied to the housing on the opposite side so that when desired a projected film may be rewound while a second reel is being projected. There may be any number of magazines 22 all identical in shape and construction but merely loaded with a different film. The magazines are interchangeable so that they can all be shown from the same projection position and likewise all rewound at the rewind position.

The stationary housing consists essentially of a front wall 23, side walls 24 and 25, a top 26 and a bottom 21 designed to rest upon and be secured to the cabinet II in order to attach the housing to the cabinet. There are provided a set of bosses 28 designed to receive screws 28 which are driven through the bottom of the housing and ilrito appropriately threaded holes of the cabinet The cabinet is also provided with a front wall 30 within which is an opening it covered by a screen 32 through which sound generated in the cabinet passes outward. A tuning dial 33 is located in the side of the cabinet and operates in a conventional manner to control the volume of sound emitted by the cabinet. The cabinet is provided with side walls 34 and a rear wall 35 upon which is mounted a switch 36 for turning the mechanism on and of! and a telltale light 31. The stationary housing is further provided with a conventional power means consisting of a motor 54 withconnecting shafts for providing the power which operates the projection machine. Similarly the housin is provided with a conventional light source, details of which have been omitted except to show a light bulb 48 positioned so that light may be projected from it laterally outward from the housing to the proper portion of the magazine. The light bulb is shown in the lamp chamber II which is connected by means of a conduit 50 to the fan unit It so that air for cooling may be blown around the bulb and then up- ,wardly through. the vent at the top so that heat from the light source will not accumulate in the housing. The motor 54 comprising the source of power is mounted upon a block II and is so positioned that the motor is adapted to drive not only the ventilating fan but also is used to supply power for operating the projecting mechanism.

In order to hold the magazines 22 in place upon the stationary housing there is provided a pair or clamping devices consisting respectively of L- shaped arms 56 and 56' secured by means of hinges 51 and 51' to the rear wall of the stationary housing. At the other end of each clamp is a threaded stub shaft 56 which has a threaded engagement with the end of the arm. At the end of the threaded stub shaft is a shoe 56 which bears directly against the magazine. The stub shaft can be threaded into or out of the end clamp so that it moves the end of the clamp close to or away from the shoe.

when an adjustment is to be made some conventional locking means may be provided to fix the setting of the shoe at the end of the arm 56.

- The shoe is pivotally attached to the threaded vide a path for the light the, housing wall 24 is provided with an opening 65 defining a channel and in the opening a lens 66 is mounted and is attached to the side of the housing by means of a frame 61. The fram together with a lid 66 forms a cap .for closing the opening 65, the cap being attached to the wall by means of screws 66. There is an opening I6, on one side of the cabinet for permitting light to emerge and it should be noted that the lid 66 has a reflecting surface II which, when positioned as shown at an angle of 45 to the path of light emerging fromi the housing, is' capable of redirecting the beam of light from thehousing through the opening toward the lens system. The cap is provided further with a fiat top I2 which forms, together with a molding I4, a means for attaching the lid 66.

At the front edge of the magazine is an aperture I6 forming a location for a suitable mounting means, details of which will be subsequently described.

' A motion picture film 15 is shown in the path of light and it is from this film that the projection is made upon the screen. Included in the projecting lens system is a prism housing I6 which is secured to an extension I1 at the front of the stationary housing. Within the prism housing is a symmetrical 12-sided prism I6 mounted upon stub shafts I6 and 66 which are held respectively in bearings ill in the prism housing and 62 in the wall of the extension 11 so that the prism rotates upon a horizontal axis. It is so arranged that the 12 faces are in pairs parallel to each other as can be seen in Fig. 4.

On the side of the prism opposite from the motion picture film there is provided a lens mounting 63 in which a tube 64 is secured and held in place by means of asset screw 65. The tube contains a telescoping threaded tube 66 having a mounting 66' for additional lenses for properly focusing the light upon the screen. It should 6 also be noted that the prism housing is provided with a light inlet passage 61 and an outlet passage 66 by means of which light passes into the housing and prism and then out the other side.

A second source of light not shown is used for sound reproduction, this being located near the bottom of the stationary housing. Light for the reproduction of sound follows the path of arrows 66 as shown in Fig. 9. To properly control the passage of light for the sound projection system from the stationary housing outwardly to the sound pickup and amplifying systems there is provided a block 6i attached by means of screws 62 to the inside of the side wall 24 and this block is provided with a passage 63 defining a channel. Light emanates from an electric lamp in a reflector 66 which is connected through wires 64 to a power line in the stationary housing. The housing is provided with a cover 65, held in place by means of screws 65'. A passage 64 in the wall of the stationary housing is in alignment with the first-named passage. A bonnet is secured in place by means of set screw 66 upon the side wall of the stationary housing, the bonnet forming a hollow pocket throughout its length. At the front wall or the pocket is an opening 91 and within the bonnet a triangular prism 66 is mounted in such a manner that a beam of light coming from the housing can be redirected outwardly from the bonnet through the opening 61.

The magazine is provided with an opening 96, and set in the opening is a jacket I66 which is secured by means of screws IM to the adjacent wall of the magazine. The jacket has a cavity suillciently large so that the bonnet fits freely within it. The inside of the bonnet islikewise provided with an opening I62 in-registry with the opening 61 so that light emerging from the housing can be passed freely to the sound pickup.

The magazine case is further provided with an opening I63 and the sound pickup device 26 has a collecting horn I65 extending into the opening I66 and adapted to receive light which is passed outwardly through the magazine in the manner just described. The sound pickup device may be of conventional construction and in this embodiment is shown mounted upon the bottom 21 of the stationary housing by means of a pedestal I66 through which the sound pickup device connects with an amplifying system within the plate II4 closes one side of the rectangular area- The plate and a plate II5 closes the other side. I I4 serves as a mounting for the various moving parts of the device whereas the plate II5 acts as a lid or cover for the casing.

Within the casing on the. upper side of the plate I I4 a reel H6 is mounted and is designed to carry the film which is to be projected. The reel has a shaft I I! by means of which it is mounted upon the plate. A second reel H6 is located in the lower portion of the casing and this reel is provided with a shaft H6. The shaft is journaled to a bearing I26 which is screwed to the plate [I4 by screws I2I. A similar bearing is provided for the reel H6. The reel in each case is keyed to its respective shaft and the shaft is so mounted that it freely rotates in the bearing provided for it.

In order to draw the film from one reel and pass it on to the other there is provided a drive sprocket I22 upon which is a series of teeth I23 designed to engage perforations at the side of the film. A cap I24 is positioned on the drive sprocket and provides a fiange which aids in locating the film upon the sprocket. A head I25 is located on the side opposite the flange so that there is a space between the bead and the flange which is slightly wider than the width of the film which is to be run over the sprocket.

For mounting the drive sprocket there is provided a shaft I26 which extends through a bearing I21 held'ina bushing I28 which is in turn held by screws I29 to the wall II4 on the inside of the casing. A second guide for the film is incorporated into the jacket I and is best seen in Fig. 9'. The guide consists of a recess in the jacket on the right-hand side as viewed in Fig. 9 and within the recess is a skid I30 over which the film may slide. The recess provides a shoulder I3I on one side and a shoulder I32 on the other side between which the film is confined and by means of which it is lockedwith respect to the openings I02 and 91.

In order to lock the film properly as it passes the projection aperture there is provided a metal plate I35 which is secured to the wall IIO of the case in a position such that it closes the aperture 13 in the wall. The plate is provided with a projection openin I35 which is approximately the size of a frame of a picture appearing on the film. The projection opening is in alignment with the respective faces of the 12-sided prism as they rotate to a point parallel with the plate I35. Within the plate I35 is a recess I31 slightly wider than the width of the film and this recess forms a channel past the projection opening. The channel is enlarged at the points I38 and within this enlargement is positioned a pressure gate I39 which is held in the channel by spring-pressed pins I40 which in turn are mounted by means of brackets I4I on the plate II4. It should be noted that the upper end I42 and the lower end I43 of the pressure gate are filleted in order to provide a smooth round surface instead of a corher to prevent damage to the film in its passage.

.To further guide the film as it travels through the operating parts of the magazine there are provided a series of idler spools I44, I45, I48 and I41. The uppermost spool consists of a shaft I48 secured upon the plate II4 upon which the spool is mounted for guiding the film. Shafts I50, II and I52 are mounted upon the plate H4 and support similar rotating sleeves which are grooved to hold and position the film during its passage. An idler spool I53 is shown in the bottom of the magazine casing in Fig. 4 and is mounted upon an arm I55 which is secured by means of a shaft I56 to the plate II4. In this case there. is provided a spring I51 so mounted that it tends to rotate the spool I53 and the arm I55 in a counterclockwise direction about the shaft I55. This tends to press the film downwardly at this point and maintains a slight tension upon it.

I should be noted that the idler spool I44 g .ies the spring into position adjacent the p zssure gate and that the idler spool I45 tends t pres the spring into contact with the drive 5 rocket and the teeth therein. The idler spools I 31 and I53 tend to hold the film in place upon the jacket I00.

As previously related, power for operating the device comes from the electric motor 54 visible in the lower portion of Fig. 5. To drive the drive sprocket a shaft I15 extends laterally from the lower of the two reels.

, 3 motor as illustrated in Fig. 7. Upon the shaft is a collar I10 which is used for securing a sprocket I11 to the shaft. Another collar I18 is used tosecure a driven sprocket I18 to a stub shaft I80, this shaft being journaled in a bearing I8I at one side of the housing extension I11 and a hearing I 82 at the other side of the housing extension. 'A chain I83 connects the sprockets I11 and I19 which, being of the same size, are in a one to one ratio. Also secured to the stub shaft is a large sprocket I84 having teeth thereon which mesh with a sprocket I85, best seen in Figs. 5 and 6. The sprocket Ill is keyed to the shaft 80 previously described which is Journaled in the housing extension 11 immediately above and slightly to the right of the sprocket I84 as viewed in Fig. 5. The stub shafts 10 and 80 have been previously noted as attached to the prism and rotate with the prism when in operation.

To supply a take-off of power from the power means to the drive sprocket there is provided an open-faced gear clutch comprising a clutch element I! attached to the shaft I80 and a similar clutch element I82 attached to the shaft I28 of the drive sprocket previously described. It will be apparent therefore that the chain drive and the sprocket drive are both at a one to oneratio and that the speed of the drive sprocket spindle will be the same as the speed of the prism and both will be rotated at the same speed as the motor shaft I15. The reels for film are both rotated in order that the film may be constantly maintained relatively taut and so that no loops will accumulate as the device continues to operate.

A rewind sprocket I85 is also driven from the sprocket I85 and this is mounted upon and drives a shaft I81 to which an open-faced gear clutch element I88 is attached at the opposite side of the stationary mounting.

In order to provide a proper drive connection for the film reel a clutch disc I93 is attached to the motor shaft I15 by means of a set screw I94 which slides in an axial groove (not shown) in the shaft. A coiled spring I95 is provided between the clutch disc and the sprocket I11 which continuously tends to urge the clutch disc in an outwardly direction. The clutch disc has a friction material I96 on the face to provide a friction drive between the first clutch face I95 and a second clutch face I91. The second clutch face I91 is non-rotatably attached by means of a set screw I98 to the reel shaft II9, this :being the The upper reel H0 is provided with a similar clutch disc I99 attached to its shaft H1 and a similar friction faced clutch disc is provided in the upper portion of the stationary housing which is operated from the motor at a similar speed. Inasmuch as the clutches are friction clutches and the elements are pressed only lightly together by means of a coiled spring there is provided a slip drive such that when one reel or the other is placed under tension the clutch will be permitted to slip and thereby maintain the tension but without placing such a strain on the film as would break it.

In the wallv II4 of the magazine there is provided an opening 200 which is of a size slightly larger than the cap by means of which light is admitted to the magazine behind the film. The

opening 99 for the bonnet lies in the wall II4 of the magazine at a lower point.

In operation when it is desired to project a film which is loaded in one of the magazines the magazine with the loaded reel of film uppermost is pressed against the stationary housing and there held in place by means oi one of the arms 56. As the magazine is pressed against the housing the clutch disc 81 will press against the face of the clutch disc I" and the clutch disc I will press against a corresponding'face of an upper clutch disc in the housing. Both of these clutch discs in the housing are driven at a constant rate of speed by the motor. While the sprocket I1! is rotating the "sprocket I19, the sprocket I84 and the sprocket I85 all continue to rotate at the same speed. The power thus applied enables the drivesprocket to rotate and draw film oil. the upper loaded reel and advance it past the projection opening and downwardly over the appropriate idler spool to a point where it is taken up and reeled upon the lower reel.

' By reason of the fact that there is a substan tial thickness to the quantity of film which builds up on the reels the rate at which film leaves one reel and is taken up by the other will vary, although the rotation of the reel will continue at a constant speed. The drive sprocket however fixesthe rate at which the film travels and the difference between that and the circumferential speed of the wound film at any one time is enough to hold the film taut.

The clutch element I92 engages face to face with the open face of a second clutch element and by reason of these two clutch discs having the same number of teeth as there are faces on the prism there will always be perfect cooperation between operation of the prism and the drive sprocket. The prism shaft will always be driven not only at the same rate of speed but also will bear the same relationship with respect'to the drive sprocket. This means that since the number of teeth on the clutch disc are calculated in order to present one complete frame of pictures for each position of the clutch teeth there will be one complete frame of pictures in place in the projecting aperture whenever one of the fiat faces of the prism is in parallel relationship with the film. This is accomplished by having the clutch teeth of a predetermined number corresponding to the number of prism faces and having them mesh precisely one with another. This portion ofthe device is one which has been substituted for the conventional intermittently operated shutter coupled with a means for advancing the film step by step instead of at a continuous rate of speed.

As the drive sprocket continues to draw film from the loaded reel past the projection aperture and send it down to the lower portion of the magazine, both reels are rotated so that respectively they help carr the film to and away from Because of the fact that the film the sprocket. piles up on itself on the reel the actual speed of travel of the film would vary if permitted. In that event there might be a loop formed on one side or other. To obviate this the film reels are 10 through the aperture adjacent the sound repro- (11101118 means.

The sound reproducing means is of relatively conventional design and is enclosed in the casing 20 which isprovided with a collecting horn I05 so positioned with relation to the position normally occupied by the magazine that the horn is in alignment with the beam of light passed through the sound track. The casing 20 which houses necessary sound pickup elements stands on the pedestal I06. Light for operating the sound track comes outwardly through the passage 8 3, is then bent at right angles by the prism 88, and from there passes through the sound track portion of the film from which it enters the sound pickup. From the pickup it is carried by a conventional wiring system into the cabinet 34 where it is amplified for projection in synchrony with the projection of the film.

After all of the film has been run off the upper reel and onto the lower reel it is then necessary only to loosen the clamp arm and remove the entire magazine. A'new magazine can be applied containing a new load of film on the upper reel and, since the necessar clutch faces are immediately engaged, the new magazine is ready for projection. 'The picture projecting aperture will be again in precise aligmnent as will also be the aperture for the light beam from the sound track.

As the new magazine of film is run off, the magazine containing the film just projected can be rewound. In order to do this, the magazine is applied against the opposite side of the stationary housing as shown in Fig. 2. It is then pressed in place against the clamp arm 56. It

reels in the magazine on both sides are on the positivel driven through thefriction clutch so there is customarily provided a sound track. In

order to properly operate a sound track it is found preferable to project a separate and distinct stream of light against it. This is accomplished by passing a stream of light through the passage 93, the prism 98 and thence outwardly and reventing the film from breaksame shaft they naturally rotate in the same direction. In so doing they rotate the shaft of the film reels in such a direction that the film is rewound upon the reelwhich originally held the film prior to projection. The speed of rewinding is determined byoperation of the drive sprocket driven through the gear clutch I88 which runs at the same speed as the clutch 9!. Since, therefore, the time required for rewinding is substantially the same as the length of time required for projection, the rewinding will be completed while projection of the other film takes place. By reason of the fact that the same slip drive clutches are employed, the film will always be kept taut in the magazine while the rewind is taking place.

There has thereby been provided a magazineloading device for a motion picture projector which is essentially self-contained in that all of the operating parts exclusive of the lens system and sound pickup system are housed within the magazine but which are so arranged that any number of magazines can be used with a projector without it being necessary to change the adjustment or position in any way of a .stationarily mounted lens system and sound pickup device.

I claim: a

1. In a moving picture projector including a stationary housing and power means exposed on each side thereof, the combination of interchangeable self-contained film magazines each comprising a casing including a reel for film to be projected and a reel for projected fllm rotatably mounted in the casing, a drive sprocket mounted within the casing and a projection aperture adjacent thereto, a releasable connection between the drive sprocket and a source of power on one side of the housing, and a clamp having elements located one on each side of the housing adapted to hold one magazine on one side of the housing for a projecting operation and the other magazine on the other side for a rewinding operation.

2. In a motion picture projector including a housing and a reel carrying magazine adapted to be used therewith the combination of a source of light in the housing, said housing having an aperture at the side thereof, and a lens mounted in the aperture, 2. cap for the aperture having a deflecting element and an opening at the side of the cap adapted to provide an exit for light from the deflecting element, said housing having a second aperture at the side thereof, an outwardly extending bonnet over the aperture, a light deflecting element in the bonnet for defleeting light from the housing and an outlet at the side of the bonnet for the light, said magazine having a projection aperture for the film, an opening in the side of the magazine adapted to receive the cap in a position behind the aperture and said magazine having a second projection aperture cooperating with a sound track on the film.

3. In a motion picture projector including a housing and a reel carrying magazine adapted to be used therewith the combination of a source of light in the housing, said housing having an aperture at the side thereof, a channel for light in the housing terminating at the aperture and a lens mounted in the channel, a cap for the aperture having a light deflecting element and an opening at the side of the cap adapted to provide an exit for light from the deflecting element, said housing having a second aperture at the side thereof, a channel for the light and an outwardly extending bonnet at the end of the channel, a light deflecting element in the bonnet for deflecting a beam of light from the housing and an outlet at the side of the bonnet for the beam of light, said magazine having a projection aperture and an opening in the side of the magazine adapted to receive the cap in a position behind the projection aperture and having a second projection aperture in register with a sound track on the film.

4. In a motion picture projector including a housing and a reel carrying magazine adapted to be used therewith the combination of a source of light in the housing, said housing having an aperture at the side thereof, a channel for light in the housing terminating at the aperture and a lens mounted in the outside end of the channe'i, a cap for the aperture surmounting the lens,

a reflecting mirror mounted in the cap at a 45 angle relative tothe axis of the channel and an opening at the side of the cap adapted to provide an exit for light from the minor, said housing having a second aperture at the side thereof, a channel for the light and an outwardly extending bonnet at the end of the channel, a triangular prism mounted in the bonnet for directing a beam of light from the housing and an outlet at the side of the bonnet for the beam of light,

said magazine having a projection aperture and a pressure gate adjacent thereto for holding a film in place, an opening in the side of the magazine adapted to receive the cap in a position behind the gate for directing light outwardly through the projection opening toward the gate, said magazine having a second projection aperture cooperating with a sound track on the film, a jacket secured in the casing adapted to receive the bonnet having an opening therein behind said last projection opening.

5. In a motion picture projector including a housing and a reel carrying magazine adapted to be used therewith the combination of a source of light in the housing, said housing having an aperture at the side thereof, a channel for light terminating at the aperture, a lens mounted in the outside end of the channel, a cap for the aperture. surmounting the lens, a reflecting mirror mounted in the cap at a 45 angle relative to the axis of said channel, an opening at the side of the cap adapted to provide an exit for light from the mirror, said housing having a second aperture at the side thereof, a channel for the light and an outwardly extending bonnet at the end of the channel, a triangular prism mounted in the bonnet for directing a beam of light from the housing and an outlet at the side of the bonnet for the beam of light, said magazine having a projection aperture and a pressure gate adjacent thereto for holding a film in place, an opening in the side of the magazine adapted to receive the cap in a position behind the gate for directing light outwardly through the projection opening toward the gate, said magazine having a second projection aperture cooperating with a sound track on the film, a jacket secured in the casing adapted to receive the bonnet having an openlng therein behind said last projection opening and clamping means for holding the magazine to the housing whereby said cap and said bonnet are retained in position in their respective openings.

6. In a motion picture projector a stationary housing including a source of power and a source of light, a lateral outlet for the light and a laterallly extending shaft connected to the source of power, and a separate magazine adapted to be secured in place on the side of the housing, said magazine having an opening therein in register with the lateral outlet, a projection aperture and means for directing light from the housing through the aperture, a drive sprocket for the fllm and a gear clutch connecting the drive sprocket to the shaft for imparting rotational movement to the sprocket, said clutch having clutch members containing a predetermined number of interengaging elements, one of said clutch members being connected to the drive sprocket and one being connected to the shaft, said interengaging elements having an angular distance therebetween such that movement of the clutch a distance equal to said angular distance will correspond to movement of the film sufllcient for passage of a complete frame of pictures, and a prism rotatably mounted on an axis parallel to the plane of the projection aperture having sets of parallel faces equal in number to one half the number of elements in 'one of said clutch members,

'7. In a motion picture projector a stationary housing including a source of power and a source of light, a lateral outlet for the light and a laterally extendlng shaft connected to the source of power, and separate magazine adapted to be 13 secured in place on the side of the housing, said magazine having an opening therein in register with the lateral outlet, projection aperture and means for directing light from the housing through the aperture, a drive sprocket for the film 'and a gear clutch connecting the drive sprocket to the shaft for imparting continuous rotational movement to the sprocket, said clutch having clutch members containing a predetermined number of interengaging elements, one of said clutch members being connected to the drive sprocket and one being connected to the shaft, and a prism rotatabiy mounted on an axis parallel to the plane of the projection aperture having sets of parallel faces adapted to present said faces successivelyjto the projection aperture to receive light therefrom, and a unitary set of ears between the shaft and the prism axis having a ratio whereby for every position of a flat prism face parallel to the projection aperture there is a frame of the film filling the projection aperture.

8. In a motion picture projector a stationary housing including a source of power and a source of light, a lateral outlet for the light and a laterally extending shaft connected to the source of power, and a separate magazine adapted to be secured in place on the side of the housing, said magazine having an opening therein in register -with the lateral outlet, a projection aperture and passage of a complete frame of pictures, and at prism rotatably mounted on an axis parallel to the plane of the projection aperture having sets of parallel faces, said prism being adapted to present said faces successively to the projection aperture to receive light therefrom, and a unitary set of gears between the shaft and the prism axis having a ratio whereby for every position of a flat prism face parallel to the projection aperture there is a frame of the film filling the projection aperture.

9. In a motion picture projector a stationary housing including a source of power and a source of light, a lateral outlet for the light and a laterallyextending shaft connected to the source of power, and separate magazine adapted to be secured in place on the side of the housing, said magazine having an opening therein in register with the lateral outlet, a projection aperture and means for directing light from the housing through the aperture, a drive sprocket for the film and a gear clutch connecting the drive sprocket to the'shaft for imparting continuous rotational movement to the sprocket, said clutch having face contacting clutch discs each conadistance equal to said angular distance will correspond to movement of the film suflicient for passage of a complete frame of pictures, and a prism rotatably mounted on an axis: parallel to the plane of the projection aperture having sets of parallel faces equal in number to one half the number of elements on one of said clutch discs, said prism being adapted to present said faces successively to the projection aperture to receive light therefrom, and a unitary set of gears between the shaft and the prism axis having a' ratio whereby for every position of a flat prism face parallel to the projection aperture there is a frame of the film filling the projection aperture.

10. In a motionpicture projector a-stationary housing including a source of power-and a source of light, a lateral outlet for the light and a laterally extending shaft connected to the source of power, and a separate magazine adapted to be secured in place on the side of the housing,-said magazine having an opening therein in register with the lateral outlet, a projection aperture and means for directing light from the housing and onebeing connected to the shaft, said teeth having an angular distance therebetween such that movement of the clutch a distance equal to said angular distance will correspond to movement of the film suflicient for passage of a complete frame of pictures, and a prism rotatably mounted on an axis parallel to the plane of the projection aperture having six sets of parallel faces adapted to present said faces successively to the projection aperture to receive light therefrom, and a unitary set of gears between the shaftand the prism axis having a ratio whereby for every position of a flat prism face parallel to the projection aperture there is a frame of the film filling the projection aperture.

11. A motionpicture projector having the film reels thereof mounted in a magazine comprising a stationary mounting, a lens system on the mounting, a sound pickup and amplifying system on the'mounting, and a pair of magazine casings 12. A motion picture projector having the film reels thereof mounted in a magazine comprisin a stationary housing, light generating means in the housing. a source of power and a lens system mounted on the housing. a sound pickup and am- .plifying system attached to the housing, and a pair of magazine casings adapted to be attached one on each side of the casing. film reels and a drive sprocket in each said casing having shafts extending therefrom and automatically releasable connections between said shafts and the source of power when the casing is mounted upon the housing and a retainerfor holding the casing upon and releasing it from the housing, said casing having openings facing the housing respectively adapted to receive light for film reproduction and light for sound reproduction from the housing for projection respectively into the lens system and the sound system.

Ir-Iv, I you 13. A motion picture projector having the film reels thereof mounted in a magazine comprising a stationary housing, a fan, light generating means in the housing, a source of power and a focusing and magnifying lens system mounted on the housing, a cabinet beneath the housing having a sound amplifying system therein and a sound wave pickup mounted on the cabinet, and a pair of magazine casings adapted to be attached one on each side of the housing, film reels and a drive sprocket in each said casing having shafts extending therefrom and friction connections between said shafts and the source of power when the casing is mounted upon the housing and a retainer for holding the casing upon and releasing it from the housing, said casing having openings facing the housing respectively adapted to receive light for film reproduction and light for sound reproduction from the housing for projection respectively into the lens system and the sound pickup system.

14. A motion picture projector having the film reels thereof mounted in a magazine comprising a stationary housing, a fan, light generating means in the housing, a source of power and a focusing and magnifying lens system mounted on the housing, a cabinet beneath .thehousing having a sound amplifying system therein and a sound wave pickup mounted on the cabinet, 8. Pair of magazine casings comprising relatively fiat containers adapted to be attached one on each side of the housing, film reels and a drive sprocket in each said casing having shafts extending therefrom and surface connections between said shafts and the source of power when the casing is mounted upon the housing and a retainer for holding the casing upon and releasing it from the housing, said casing having a pair of openings facing the housing, one of said openings being adapted to receive light for film reproduction and the other being adapted to receive light for sound reproduction from the housing for projection respectively into the lens system and the sound pickup system.

15. In a motion picture projector including a stationary housing, a light source, a power source and projecting elements, the combination of interchangeable, self-contained, film magazines, each comprising a casing including a reel for film to be projected and a reel for projected film rotatabiy mounted in the casing, a drive sprocket mounted within the casing and a projection aperture adjacent thereto, a releasable connection for connecting the drive sprocket to the source of power on one side of the housing, a slip drive between the reels and the source of power on the same side of the housing, a clutch elementon the opposite side of the housing connected to the source of power adapted to rotate a drive sprocket, a slip drive for the reels on the opposite side of the casing connected to the same source of power, and a pair of clamps located one on each side of the housing having a position against the respective magazines adapted to hold one magazine to the housing on one side for a projecting operation and another magazine to the housing on the other side for a rewinding operation.

16. In a motion picture projector including a stationary housing, a light source, a power source and projecting elements, the combination of: interchangeable, self-contained film magazines, each comprising a casing including a reel for film to be projected and a reel for projected film rotatably mounted one on each end of the casing, a drive sprocket mounted within the casing and a projection aperture adjacent thereto, a clutch for releasably connecting the drive sprocket to the source of power on one side of the housing, a slip drive between the reels and the source of power on the same side of the housing, a clutch element on the opposite side of the housing con-' nected to the source of power adapted to rotate a drive sprocket, a slip drive for the reels on the opposite side of the casing connected to the same source of power and a pair of spring clamps having arms located one on each side of the housing having a position against each respective magazine adapted to hold simultaneously one magazine to the housing on one side for a projecting operation and another magazine to the housing on the other side in inverted position for a rewinding operation.

RICHARD JONES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,215,364 Gilmore Feb. 13, 1917 1,245,755 Mehfelder Nov. 6, 1917 1,713,503 VonMadaler May 14, 1929 1,760,219 Thorn-ton May 27, 1930 1,760,220 Thornton May 27, 1930 1,843,650 Schlicker Feb. 2, 1932 1,935,572 Leventhal Nov. 14, 1933 2,023,581 Glunt Dec. 10, 1935 2,026,984 Lyman Jan. 7, 1936 2,046,723 Brownscombe July 7, 1936 2,126,299 Wittel et al Aug. 9, 1938 2,211,358 Wittel Aug. 13, 1940 2,213,768 Merriman et al Sept. 3, 1940 2,214,468 Lannerd Sept. 10, 1940 2,217,183 Ross Oct. 8, 1940 2,238,719 DeTartas Apr. 15, 1941 2,322,369 Lackofi' et al June 22, 1943 2,342,509 Gaty et al Feb. 22, 1944 2,362,019 Moore Nov. 7, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date France Mar. 7, 1933 

